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If you're not on Discord, you should be. What started as a place for gamers to discuss, chat, and share content has blossomed into one of the most useful community-based social media engines on the internet.

Part of what makes Discord such a great place for communities to thrive is the range of control that community leaders can have over their servers. So many aspects of a Discord server can be modified and customized that individual servers begin to feel more like the forum sites of the past, all gathered together in one place.

One fun & easy way to distinguish your Discord server from other communities is to let your users make & send custom server emojis in their chats & conversations. But how can you add your own custom emojis? It's actually pretty simple – here's what you should know:

1. Who canadd custom emojis?
2. How to make an emoji from any picture
3. How to add your emoji to a Discord server

1. Who Can Add Custom Emojis?

One of the main ways Discord allows server administrators to customize and control their servers is by setting up roles for its members. Discord caps the total number of roles at 250, far more than most servers need, and each role has different privileges, freedoms, and responsibilities.

One of the many, many privileges that can be enabled for any role is emoji management. If you are an administrator of your server, you can go to the 'Roles' section of your server settings, select one of your server's roles, and scroll down to find the 'Manage Emojis' toggle. For any role, the emoji management privilege can be enabled, so members in that role can access the emoji manager through their Server Settings tab.

NOTE: Administrators can technically enable emoji management for the @everyone role, but this role can't access server settings, so members are still unable to manage the server's emojis.

2. How to Make an Emoji From Any Picture

You can use any picture you want as a custom Discord emoji. While it's easiest to find square or rectangular pictures, you can also upload transparent PNG imagesand even animated GIFs. There are only a couple restrictions: Discord emojis are resized to and aspect ratio of 128x128 pixelsand no emoji file can be larger than 256KB in size.

The easiest way to ensure that your custom Discord emoji fits the correct specifications is to make it yourself ahead of time. I recommend using the Kapwing Discord emoji template,which automatically resizes any image or GIF you upload to a 128x128 pixel square format. You can even upload a short clip of video and convert it to a GIF!

Some Discord emotes work better as transparent PNG images, so they look more like real emojis – using the Discord emoji template, choose the 'Erase' tool to remove sections with a Magic Wand and touch up the edges with a precise eraser. You can also add meme-style text to your custom emoji. Just click 'Text' and customize its font, size, position, style, color, and animation. Once you're done, just click 'Export Image' and 'Download' to save the emoji to your device.

If you're not signed into a Kapwing account, sign in or sign up using your Google or Facebook account – once you've signed into a Kapwing account, the watermark in the lower right corner will be removed from your final image.

3. How to Add Your Emoji to a Discord Server

If your role allows you to manage the server's emojis, it takes under a minute to upload your own. Start by clicking the arrow next to the server name and selecting 'Server Settings' – if you don't see this option, it means your role won't allow you to add emojis 😕.

In your server settings, go to the Emoji tab and choose the purple 'Upload Emoji' button. Select the emoji file you created, and voilà! Your custom Discord emoji has been added to the server's emoji bank.

Tag us @KapwingApp whenever you share your content on social media– we love to see what our creators are passionate about. And be sure to subscribe to the Kapwing Resources page – we're constantly writing new tutorial and features to help you make the most out of Kapwing.

Related Articles:
• Instagram Challenges: Find them and make your own
• How to Make a Reaction Video
• Add Emoji to Photos Online
• How to Edit Videos on an iPhone 7
• Make Emoji Mashup Memes Online

If you want to produce an Arcade-compatible product please let us know at arcadehdw@microsoft.com.

Overview

The MakeCode Arcade system is designed to support a variety of physical gaming devices in addition to a more virtual experience on a PC or mobile device. We encourage others to design and build new variants of MakeCode Arcade hardware using the guidelines presented in this document.

Minimal Open Source Reference Design

We have built a minimal open source hardware reference design for an Arcade board. This consists of a schematic (available as PDF and as Altium .SchDoc), a layout (available as Gerbers and related CAM files plus an Altium .PcbDoc), and a BoM (available as a Microsoft Excel file).

• Download Reference Design at https://github.com/microsoft/pxt-arcade-hardware-designs

Arcade hardware must meet the following specifications:

• An ARM Cortex M microcontroller (see MCU)
• 160x120 pixel display (see display)
• 4 directional buttons, 2 action buttons (A and B), 1 utility button (menu/select/pause), 1 reset button (see buttons)
• single channel sound output (see audio)
• USB connector for programming and power (see USB connector)
• Some way to commission and possibly debug the board (see commissioning and debugging)

In addition we encourage:

• inclusion of a 3.5mm stereo audio connector for multi-player communications (see JACDAC)
• provision for battery power: a battery connector, a battery holder and/or a LiPo recharging circuit (see battery)
• exclusion of a power LED which would draw unnecessary current (see power)

Other optional elements include:

• an accelerometer or other motion sensor (see accelerometer)
• a vibration motor (see vibration motor)
• a second 3.5mm stereo audio connector for headphones (see audio)
• additional flash memory
• status LEDs (see LEDs)
• an electrical expansion connector to support the use of plug-in accessories and connection of external circuits (see expansion coonnector)

A firmware configuration system allows a lot of flexibility regarding specific component choices and circuit designs to meet the above specification, see Configuration.

The rest of this page is split into three main sections, each of which refers to our reference design:

• Components describes each of the required and optional components and features in more detail
• Hardware design notes provides additional hardware circuit design considerations
• Firmware development notes describes aspects of firmware development and configuration

Components

MCU

MakeCode Arcade currently only targets ARM Cortex-based MCUs, and we have only tested Cortex M4F.

The Arcade display resolution and colour depth requires 160x120x4 bits for a display buffer, taking a little under 10kB.We need at least two sets of display data for double-buffering and the user is very likely to use two or three more for varioussprite operations. This, together with heap fragmentation concerns, requires the hardware to have at least 96kB of RAM. Programs with heavy memory requirements may only run if there is more than 96kB of RAM.In addition 512kB of flash and a processor speed of at least 64MHz or more are recommended.

We currently support two hardware variants which match the above criteria:

• D51 based on Microchip ATSAMD51G19A (Cortex M4F, 192kB of RAM, 512kB of flash, 120MHz)
• F4 (formerly F401) based on one of the ST Micro STM32F4xx chips:
  • STM32F401xE (Cortex M4F, 96kB of RAM, 512kB of flash, 84MHz)
  • STM32F411xE (Cortex M4F, 128kB of RAM, 512kB of flash, 96MHz)
  • STM32F412xE (Cortex M4F, 128kB of RAM, 512kB of flash, 96MHz)
  • STM32F412xG (Cortex M4F, 256kB of RAM, 1024kB of flash, 96MHz)

The STM32F41x series is listed to run at 100MHz, but to support USB we need to run them at 96MHz.We support 48 pin and larger packages. Only STM32F412 in 64 pin and larger packages support a parallel display interface,which is required if you want to use an ILI9341 320x240 display (see display).

Additionally, we're considering adding support for the following in the future (but not in the next 6 months):

• N840 based on Nordic NRF52840 (Cortex M4F, 256kB of RAM, 1024kB of flash, 64MHz)

Of course, many other choices are possible and we would love to hear your feedback.

Display

When using a 160x128 pixel display we do not use the 8 bottom rows of the display, to makeit easier to upscale to a 320x240 display. We use 15 colors plus transparency along witha user-controllable palette. Some of the displays we have tested are listed below, but if you have good reasons to use a different display please let us know.

160x128 based on ST7735 or ILI9163C controller chip

In this case the display is connected to the MCU using SPI. The chosen display must therefore expose the ST7735 or ILI9163C SPI interface. Different displays use different names for the same pins. The following are all equivalent:

• RS, DC and A0
• MOSI, SDA and DATA
• SCK, SCLK, SCL and CLOCK
• LEDK and LED-
• LEDA and LED+
• RESET and RST

Most displays don't have a MISO line and in any case this does not need to be connected.

The purpose of the LCD_BL signal is to modulate power to the LCD backlight in order to dim or shut off the display.The reference design shows one way of doing this.

We have found the following part numbers for ST7735 and ILI9163C displays:

320x240 based on ILI9341 via SPI

256 Kb To Pixels

On D5, the SPI can run up to 50MHz and most displays seem to be able to handle that,which results in about 36fps.

Also, use the following display configuration to begin with:

320x240 based on ILI9341 via 8-bit parallel

On F4, this requires an 8 bit parallel interface because SPI at 42Mhz is unstable;int this case STM32F412RE or better is required.

The FSMC controller on STM32F412 in 64 pin version enforcesthe following pin connections.

The CS pin of the screen can be connected anywhere (defined in bootloader as DISPLAY_CS).The RS pin is also currently handled in software, so could be anywhere, but it's recommended to connect it to A0 (defined in bootloader as DISPLAY_DC).

The choice of the WR pin should be in DISPLAY_MOSI bootloader config,and DISPLAY_MISO should contain PC5 if the display read line is connected.Otherwise DISPLAY_MISO should be undefined.DISPLAY_SCK should always be undefined.

Also, use the following display configuration to begin with:

Note that the ILI9341 have 4 configuration pins IM3, IM2, IM1, IM0.The following configurations are supported:

That is, in the first config connect pin D[7] to PA5, D[6] to PA4, etc.In the second config, connect D[17] to PA5, D[16] to PA4, etc.

Buttons

We require a total of 8 buttons: left, up, right, down (in a directional pad or d-pad layout), A, B, Menu and Reset.The 4 directional buttons, the A/B buttons, and the MENU button are to be connectedto an MCU GPIO pin to provide digital inputs. Our configuration system (see Configuration) allows foractive high or active low button inputs. If the MCU has internal pull-ups or pull-downs, there is no need for external pull-ups.

The recommended button arrangement is to have the directional buttons in a ‘d-pad' layout on the left of the board, while the A and B buttons are to the right. A is above and to the right of B. Menu is best placed somewhere near the other buttons, and Reset is best placed next to the USB connector.

One function of the Menu button is to exit low-power sleep mode. For an MCU with a ‘wakeup' input pin that takes the MCU out of a deep sleep low power mode, Menu should be wired to that pin. The Reset button should be wired to the MCU reset pin.

Arcade boards should have ‘soft power off' rather than a physical on-off switch, see power management.

Audio

Single channel mono audio output requires either a DAC or PWM with DMA support. The corresponding audio output from the MCUshould be connected to an amplifier and an on-board sounder or speaker. A headphone jack for sound is optional, but notethat this IS SEPARATE FROM the stereo jack for networking (see multi-player communications. If there is an audioheadphone jact it must be clearly labelled with a ‘headphone' symbol so that users do not confuse it with the networking jack.

USB connector

Arcade must have a micro USB socket for power and UF2 programming. We recommend a part with through-hole mechanical solder-down tabs to provide more strength, especially for ‘bare boards' whcih have no physical enclosure toadd mechanical strength. We recommend adding ESD protection for the USB data lines and a zener diodeto clamp the Vbus power line and thereby limit over-voltage transients during USB connection.

Multi-player communications

Warning

Make Picture 256 Kb

Multi-player communications is under active development and it may change.It's fine to build prototypes, but before designing any production hardware please contact us at arcadehdw@microsoft.com.

Multi-player communications between Arcade devices is based on JACDAC, a protocol for networking over a single-wire connection. It lets you play multiplayer games by connecting Arcades together with standard stereo audio cables. More than two arcades can be connected using commonly available headphone splitters.

Note that JACDAC power delivery is still under development so you must leave the tip of the jack connector disconnected.

The multi-player connector can either be a 3-way or a 4-way 3.5mm audio jack socket. Contact switching is not required. Many alternative connectors exist, the second page of the reference design schematic lists some of these. Please test a connectorbefore designing it in to make sure it does not short together the base of the shaft and the tip during insertion.

Battery power

Arcade boards should ideally have provision for battery power: a battery connector, a battery holder and/or a LiPo recharging circuit. For regular batteries we suggest using a JST connectorof the same style and polarity as that used on the Adafruit Circuit Playground Express.

Accelerometer

An accelerometer is optional. We currently support the following parts:

• LIS3DH
• MMA8453
• MMA8653

If requested, we can potentially add support for other accelerometers such as MSA300.

The accelerometers should have the SDA, SCL and INT1 lines connectedto each respective ACCELEROMETER_* line as defined in the bootloader.

Vibration motor

An optional vibration motor can be connected. Software will keep it low during normal operation, and drive it highto activate the motor. It should be connected to the VIBRATION line as defined in the bootloader.

LEDs

Up to 4 LEDs can be defined. The first two can be used for JACDAC status.

Expansion connector

If possible, keep this separate from the SDA/SCL exposed on the headerto keep the one on the header available as a general digital IO line.

If pins are to be exposed, we recommend a micro:bit compatible edge-connector.The recommended pinout is being finalized.

Hardware design notes

Power management

The Arcade firmware automatically switches the device off if it is not in use, unless the user has disabled this feature. A hardware power switch is therefore unnecessary. Notonly does this reduce cost, the auto-power-off feature improves battery life.

In order to ensure very low quiescent consumption following auto-power-off, all peripherals to the MCU must enter a low power mode. We also put the CPU into deep sleep. The LCD backlight and audio amplifier will be switched off. Ensure that there is no power LEDthat cannot be turned off from the MCU. If you require an MCU output to signal shutdown there is an optional PWREN signal - if defined, the software will pull it high on boot, and keep it low during sleep. If you want to include a power LED, control it via the PWREN signal.

A 3.3V regulator is likely to be needed. It should be robust to any unfiltered transients on the USB power lineand to downstream short-circuits which may occur if the Arcade board has no enclosure. If it is possible totouch the regulator, it must not get too hot to touch under any circumstances.

An optional BATTSENSE can be connected to a voltage divider and to the battery.This is not yet supported in software.

Comissioning and debugging

Provision must be made for commissioning boards following manufacture. Depending on the MCU it maybe possible to flash and test the board over USB. However, to-date we have used a debug connectorwhich exposes SWD and other signals, as shown in the reference design. We use a standard 0.1' pitchsingle row header footprint for this, but we do not fit a connector to the PCB. Instead we use the techniquedescribed here: Debug connector information.

Pin mapping

The reference design provides a particular pinout, but it is possible to use a different pinout.You need to put your pinout in the bootloader and flash the bootloader.Then, when you get a UF2 file from Arcade website, it will at runtime look forsettings in the bootloader and use the right pins.

There are some restrictions on the pinout:

• if using SPI screen, if needs to be on SPI pins; on F4 best use SPI1 as it may allow for faster refresh in the future
• DISPLAY_BL should be on a pin with PWM (so we can dim it)
• MENU button should be a pin which can wake the MCU up from sleep mode (on D51 it requires EIC; on F4 it can be any pin)
• other buttons can be on any pin
• JACK_TX if present needs to be on UART_TX pin on F4, and on PAD0 of a SERCOM with EIC on D51
• JACK_SND if present needs to be on TIM1_CH* pin of F4 and DAC0 of D51 (PA02)

Firmware development notes

Bootloaders

There are 2 different bootloaders to support the hardware variants.These bootloaders support the CF2 configuration data section.

• F4: https://github.com/mmoskal/uf2-stm32f
• D51: https://github.com/microsoft/uf2-samdx1

The following bootloaders do not support the CF2 configuration data section yet.

• N840: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_nRF52840_Bootloader

Compilation

If you're compiling a bootloader on your own, you will need to create a board.h file.Start from an existing, generic arcade board (README in bootloader should have instructions).Then:

• if you don't have accelerometer, remove all lines with the ACCELEROMETER word
• if you don't have vibration motor, remove the line for PIN_VIBRATION
• if you are not doing a pin header:
  • maybe you can at least leave holes for people to solder a header in?
  • otherwise, remove all PIN_Dx, and PIN_SDA, PIN_SCL, PIN_MISO, PIN_MOSI, PIN_SCK, PIN_SERVO_x entries
• if you have less than 4 LEDs remove PIN_LEDx
• if you do not have a way to disable power to external components, remove PIN_PWREN
• if you don't have JACDAC, remove PIN_JACK_*
• if you don't have JACDAC power, remove PIN_JACK_PWREN
• if you don't have second menu button (it's not required), remove PIN_BTN_MENU2
• if you don't have voltage divider for measuring battery level (which isn't supported yet anyway),remove PIN_BATTSENSE

Once you're done with all these changes, drop the board.h file onto https://microsoft.github.io/uf2/patcher/.

This should load the config, with stuff removed.Now you can patch the config with your pin out.You should at least change BOOTLOADER_BOARD_ID to a new random value. Don't generate it by banging on the board or using clever hex string, just use printf '0x%04x%04xn' $RANDOM $RANDOM to minimize the risk of a conflict

If you're seeing strange effects on the display, you can try one of the followingconfigs:

For the ST7735 and ILI9341 screens:

• the low byte of CFG0 is the MADCTL register
• the next two bytes of CFG0 are offset X and Y (if the display doesn't start at 0, 0)
• the lowest bit of high byte of CFG0 can be set to enabled XOR of palette
• CFG1 is FRMCTR1
• the low byte of CFG2 is the desired SPI frequency in MHz (ignored for ILI9341)

Once you're done patching, press 'Apply my patch', which will download new board.h.

Note that you need to use the patching website to put the right header and sizein the configuration data.

It's also possible to patch a binary file of the bootloader with new config using thesame website.

The patching website can also remove config entries, just specify the value as null.

Bootloader protection

End users will typically update the bootloader by copying a special UF2 file, whichhas a user-level application that overwrites the bootloader.

To prevent misuse of this feature (eg., one student emailing to a another a malicious UF2 file which writes a non-functional bootloader), some bootloaders (currently only F4)implement a protection feature.When booting, the bootloader will check if it's write-protected (this is done by setting bitsin flash, which only take effect upon reset).If the write-protection is disabled, presumably during a bootloader update process,the bootloader will present a screen to the user asking if they really want to updatethe bootloader and that doing so could possibly brick the board.If the users agrees to upgrade, the app is allowed to run (and presumably update the bootloader).Otherwise, the protection is re-enabled.

The default configuration of the bootloaders have this feature disabled to ease thedevelopment process. To enable it, set BOOTLOADER_PROTECTION = 1.

Variant notes

F4

STM32F4 requires an external crystal for stable USB operation.The software takes the installed crystal frequency from a specific bootloader location,but best to stick to 8MHz.

The following is the recommended pinout. The recommended pinout forheader was described above. It's consistent with the config for the generic F4in the bootloader repo.

D51

JACK_TX needs to be on a pin with external IRQ and PAD0 of some SERCOM.

JACK_SND needs to be on PA02 (DAC output).

Configuration

We anticipate the future need of various configurations for display controllers, as well as differentaccelerometers, etc. Thus, we generate the same UF2 filefor all boards of a given variant, and have the runtime look for configurationvalues in the bootloader area (called CF2 configuration).

See https://github.com/microsoft/uf2/blob/master/cf2.md for more details on the configuration format.The bootloaders can be binary patched with new configuration data if needed.

The configuration data also includes the assignment of a GPIO pin header.Generally, the header isn't essential to this board, but it's recommendedto at least leave holes for people to solder it in.

The mapping between MCU GPIOs and the various hardware signals such as the buttons and display interface is specified in the bootloader. They can be changed as described above.

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